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Dr. was a Japanese physicist who was internationally known for theoretical work on the structure of the atom.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Sakata Shōichi''" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' (Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File ).〕 He proposed the Sakata model, which was an early precursor to the quark model. After the end of World War II, he joined other physicists in campaigning for the peaceful uses of atomic energy.〔 ==Career== Between 1929 and 1933 Sakata studied physics in Tokyo under Yoshio Nishina and later at the Kyoto Imperial University under Hideki Yukawa, the first Japanese Nobel laureate. He first met Yukawa at Rikagaku Kenkyūsho in Ōsaka, a private research foundation started by Yukawa. Here he worked with him from 1937 on meson theory and in 1939 accompanied him to Kyoto University where Yukawa was a lecturer. Sakata was appointed professor at Nagoya University in 1942 and remained there until his death. Sakata was a leading Japanese researcher in elementary particles in the 1950s and 1960s, and became well-known outside Japan for his 1956 model of hadrons, later termed the Sakata model, which proposed that the fundamental building blocks of all strongly interacting particles are the proton, the neutron and the lambda baryon. For example, the positively charged pion is made out of a proton and an antineutron. Aside from the integer charges, the proton, neutron, and lambda have the same properties as the up quark, down quark, and strange quark respectively, explaining the model's success. Sakata's model was superseded by the quark model, due to Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig, which made the constituents fractionally charged and rejected the idea that they could be identified with observed particles. This leads to the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula and the eightfold way, which provides the most correct fundamental description. Still, within Japan, integer charged quark models parallel to Sakata's were used until the 1970s, and are still used as effective descriptions in certain domains. Sakata's model was used in Harry J. Lipkin's book ''"Lie Groups for Pedestrians"'' (1965). In 1960, with his Nagoya University associates, he expanded his model to include leptons. Shortly thereafter he developed the Neutrino mixing matrix, a precursor to the currently accepted Neutrino oscillation.〔Ziro MAKI, Masami NAKAGAWA and Shoichi SAKATA; ''Remarks on the Unified Model of Elementary Particles''. In Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 28, No. 5 (November 1962).〕 In the early 1960s there was already evidence of a second neutrino type. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shoichi Sakata」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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